Lucille Morehouse at the Art Museum of Greater Lafayette – Oct. 20 1922 to July 2, 2023

image of Lucille Morehouse at entrance of
Lucille Morehouse Exhibit, Art Museum of Greater Lafayette

Art Ghosts Stir in Irvington.

An exhibition at the Bona Thompson Memorial Center  in June of  2023 called The Irvington Group, 1928 – 1937, along with a detailed and informative article by Steven R. Barnett, then executive director of the Irvington Historical Society, would introduce me to the history of these fascinating founding artists, Irvington's original creative spirits. Accompanying the exhibit artworks was a binder packed with Xerox copies of a multitude of articles by an Indianapolis Star art critic of yesteryear. Only later would I understand the herculean efforts of this trailblazing lady, the depth of her impressions, her dedication over many decades. The output of her coverage, the physical heft of the over-stuffed binder, amazed me. And she, like William Forsyth, had lived in Irvington for many years.

Her writings and the exhibition opened me to a yet another new and undiscovered world, like my own art journey thirty years prior, the art journey of Indiana's artists who came before.  Captured with detail and nuance, through astute observation, and with an often poetic and  signature storytelling approach,  this writer, the first great art critic in Indiana, left a posterity memorialized for us all today. So enamored with her, after seeing her collected columns at the show, I searched the web for more.

Then on the first day of July 2023, I  stumbled upon, coincidentally, a relevant  exhibition, soon ending, in fact in a day, at the Art Museum of Greater Lafayette. 

A show called simply Lucille Morehouse. 

Installation View Lucille Morehouse
at Art Museum of Greater Lafayette

The World of Lucille Morehouse.

At the exhibitions entrance was a short biography of her life which appeared in The Indianapolis Star, her employer for many decades in the first half of the century, as told by her obituary on February 19, 1961. 

Born in Tippecanoe County, she graduated from Purdue University and became a school teacher. She taught in Kokomo first, an then in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

Other newspaper sources reveal that her love of writing preceded and coincided with her employment as a teacher,  as she was editor for the Purdue student paper, The Exponent, during her college days, and also edited society pages for several newspapers; in Lafayette upon graduation, later in Milwaukee and eventually Indianapolis. 

Shortly after the groundbreaking Armory Show in New York in the spring of 1913 that would introduce the nation to 'modern' art, Lucille Morehouse first appears as an art observer, in print, in the pages of The Indianapolis Star.  Work under her byline would appear in columns of various names over the years in The Star, including, Arts and Artists, In the World of Art and simply Art. 

She established a column with such staying power that the font of its banner began in an elaborate Edwardian Nouveau and eventually settled into a crisp and neat Deco style as the fashion of times and graphic arts evolved.

The poet and critic of modern art at the moment of its genesis in Paris, Guillaume Apollinaire, good friend to Pablo Picasso and associate of many other French artists of the time, wrote many essays on art and artists under the banner The Art World between 1910 and 1913. It reminds us that an art world can be macro and micro, and at the same time. Apollinaire was one among many writers upon whose words our understanding of European art at the turn of the 20th Century is based. Lucille Morehouse was more a singular figure in shaping our understanding of the art world of Indiana. If not for her impulse to see, her compulsion to write, her eagerness to understand, our understanding and awareness of our local art heritage would not be what it is today. And the relation between the French and European trends in art, and the effect on Indiana half a world away, is startling. Indeed, Morehouse's first words on art in The Indianapolis Star (covered elsewhere in this blog) memorialize,  in a humorous way, her reaction to the newfangled thoughts  an out-of-town practitioner of post-impressionism, the East Coast visiting artist, William Emile Schumacher.

From 1913 until shortly before 1950, her comprehensive columns would catalog, in an encyclopedic way,  Indiana's local and visiting artists, its galleries and exhibitions, its institutions and patrons – its gossip even, and goings-on – as nothing, or seemingly very little, as it relates to Indiana art, escaped her unblinking eye.

Already in her middle age by the time of her art writing career, her obituary describes her as demure little lady who was often seen in the galleries and among the artworks she loved.  Dressed always in her recognizable flat hat, and wearing overshoes, carrying an umbrella regardless of weather, hauling a large carpet bag stuffed with her pencils and writing pads. She never fancied the typewriter, so her columns were written longhand on pads, often in newspaper office in the late night and wee hours to meet her deadline.

She lived simply in her Irvington cottage on Beechwood Avenue, an abode that might have lacked furniture and ordinary creature comforts, but was stacked and piled with an accumulation of artworks, many gifted from the artists themselves. A chosen few pictures were anointed the honor of a placement on the wall, most noteworthy, a small nude by Elmer Taflinger. 

She would never exhibit her collection during her life.

In her last decade, Lucille Morehouse became invalid, and lived out her final years in a private nursing home on Central Avenue. 

The lady, Indiana's first great art columnist, although having died, bestowed a living spirit that endures to this day. Bequeathed to all Indiana lovers of art and history and writing. Her gift to us, her life's work, was the subject of the Lafayette exhibition.

Back Where She Started, Tippecanoe County, Indiana.

The Lucille Morehouse exhibit was presented in a medium-sized gallery room of the Art Museum of Greater Lafayette in Lafayette, Indiana. Also on display at the time of my visit was a contemporary regional show of colorful and varied artworks in a large main display area and a solo room of largish decorative paintings by Cindy Wingo in a show called It's Not All Black and White.

At the entrance to Lucille Morehouse was the curator's statement as follows,

“For this exhibition, thirty-two paintings from the Permanent Collection are paired with articles by Lucille. Some essays speak of specific artworks in the collection, while others refer more generally to the artist and their work.  Lucille's words provide a treasure trove of insight into the work and thinking during the times they were created.” 

Through her eyes, amid her thoughts...her words.

French Village at Night, George Ames Aldrich
in Art Museum of Greater Lafayette

The exhibit contained French Village at Night by George Ames Aldrich. A March 27, 1932 column by Lucille Morehouse discusses a Lieber Gallery showing of Aldrich paintings,   

“Mr. Aldrich has studied widely, under eminent masters, both in this country and in Europe. He is represented in many museums and galleries as well as in private collections over the country. The present exhibit includes paintings made in France and in Maine, Massachusetts and Indiana. Some of his finest accomplishments are the big canvases that picture winter streams, with snowy tree-lined banks.

He is especially happy in getting realistic effects of sunlit snow – although these are scarcely less beautiful than his representation of shadowed snow. As an example, his beautiful Winter Night – Quimperie, with church dominating in the composition, might be cited.”

In a May 20, 1928 column, Morehouse introduces Kokomo artist, Geraldine Armstrong Scott, with a mischievous story based on the critic's observations of the 3rd Annual Hoosier Salon exhibit, then held at Marshall Field in Chicago,

“Visitors...will recall a portrait by Simon P. Baus, life-size, three-quarters length and in standing pose of a slender, dark-eyed woman in a striking black costume whose distinctive headdress at once caught the eye....Viewers of paintings in the Marshall Field galleries soon marked the presence of a tall young woman who frequently wore a black costume identically like the one in the Baus painting. It was not long until it became generally known that the Geraldine of the portrait was in reality Mrs. Geraldine Armstrong Scott of Kokomo, herself an exhibitor.”

Mrs. Scott is represented in the Morehouse exhibit with the collection's 1928 canvas Autumn Scene.  

Landscape scenes of changing colors have become a common theme for the young artist as noted by Morehouse in discussing Mrs. Scott's works; Glorious Autumn in the Hoosier Salon and Autumn Shadows displayed at both Robertson Galleries in South Bend and finally Pettis Gallery in Indianapolis at the time of the article.  

In her December 27, 1931 article on a solo show by George H. Baker at the Women's Department Club in Indianapolis, Morehouse describes the artist as “one of the most forceful of the landscape painters in the Richmond group of artists.” She further observes his landscape style is characterized by his vigorous brushwork and ability to infuse mood into the realism of his pictures.

A tranquil and bright spring lakeside landscape from the the museum's collection, Untitled by Dale Bessire, hangs with Lucille Morehouse's description of the Brown County Art Colony artist's solo show at H. Lieber in Indianapolis in December 1944. Speaking of a different picture of a similar mood, Spring Comes, Morehouse writes, perhaps quoting the artist,

“Mr. Bessire has put upon canvas a rarely beautiful interpretation of that fleeting period of the early season when the soft green of opening buds has a pearly quality.”

Orrin Draven in Lucille Morehouse exhibit
Art Museum of Greater Lafayette

A remarkable painting by Nebraska native and Richmond resident, self-taught painter Orrin Draver, depicts what I can only guess is a landscape with stream capturing an early season snow, as the white-covered ground is surrounded by the dazzling fall colors of bushes and trees still full of leaves that range in color from yellow-green to brick red. The painting also depicts a bright blue, nearly cloudless, winter sky, which glows above and is reflected in the tranquil water of the foreground. The accompanying Morehouse column does not mention this unusual picture, but does note the artist often painted landscape scenes with water as in Still Water and Mirrored Pool, both on display at an H. Lieber show in July 1944. Of Still Water she says, and it would also be true of the collection's picture, 

“The picture is restful to look upon when the mercury soars, and it would be quite as satisfying during the zero days of mid-winter.”  

In her March 8, 1931 column accompanying  the smallish pastel,  Portrait of Richard B. Gruelle (1910), by Glenn Cooper Henshaw, Lucille Morehouse provides historical information about the training and early days of the artist,  

“...Glenn Cooper Henshaw was born in Tipton County, Indiana...he began his art training with a few month's study in the Herron art school when J. Ottis Adams was at the head... he studies for one year in Munich and later in Paris at both the Beaux Arts and the Julian academy. There were portrait commissions in London for one summer and a winter following the study in Paris, and while a student in Munich sketches of foreign scenes were sent home.” 

She also writes about Henshaw's recent portrait-painting “vacation” in Indiana, a homecoming period of sorts, between time at his long-established New York studio and an impending visit to California in anticipation of the establishment of an additional studio on the West Coast. She writes that the artist came back to Indiana,

“... (to) paint portraits of old friends, to study the character of new friends in terms of line and color, and to bring baby faces out from the white paper, their soft cheeks rounding like a delicate pink rose, their eyes full of wonder at the big new world...”

 As a side note, there is a permanent room dedicated to the art of Glenn Cooper Henshaw at the Brown County Art Gallery in Nashville, Indiana. The works there include many portraits similar to those described in Morehouse's column, including a full length society portrait and smaller, more casually executed, paintings of children. A very large night scene in oil of a large cityscape also hangs in the room, a magnus opus in the style of the smaller pastel work for which Henshaw is most known today (an most appearing at auction).

It is not certain that Morehouse's remarks regarding a Henshaw pastel Portrait of Richard Gruell mentioned in her column is one in the same as the work in the exhibit. She says about a portrait in her 1931 column,

“ It is also of local interest to know that a pastel portrait that was awarded honorable mention in the exhibition of the New York Water Color Society, and was later reproduced in art publications, represented Richard Gruelle, one of the five Indianapolis artists who constituted the first 'Hoosier group' of artists.

Mr. Henshaw still owns that early portrait of Mr. Gruelle, posed with his palette and brush and canvas, and it is now on view, along with many other examples of work, both early and recent, at the family home of the late Dr. A. W. Brayton...”

The collection's pastel contains Mr. Gruelle's likeness and his palette and brushes, but no canvas. There could be any number of reasons for the discrepancy between the critic's description and the collection's actual picture;  a mistaken description, or memory by the critic if the works are indeed one in the same, or the collection's piece could be a related study, or alternative pose of the pastel referenced by Morehouse. 

The painter Edmund Brucker, perhaps most known today for his portraits and industrial scenes in the social realist style, also painted landscapes that appear inspired by realism and post-impressionism. One such picture, View of Nashville, is mentioned by Lucille Morehouse in her March 2, 1941 column and is exhibited in Lucille Morehouse show of works from the museum's collection.

Morehouse writes of the artistic treatment of surface textures in a November 18, 1951 article,

“Half the battle is won when a painter of still life works skillfully with surface textures. The artist may use all the color on his palette to paint the still life, but if velvet does not have the 'feel' of velvet,  and metal does not have the 'feel' of metal, and wood the 'feel' of wood – and so on – then the still life painting is only partly finished. William F. Kaeser is a skillful painter of surface textures. No Hoosier artist – nor any other, it is my firm belief – can excel him.”

 The collection's Kaeser still life of three contrasting house plants on a hexagonal wooden table illustrate the critic's observations about the artist's surface textures. The waxy, chalky and fuzzy leafs of the distinct plants are expertly rendered in oil paint, as well as the polished sheen of the tabletop.

Kaethe Kollwitz, Folge Tod
Art Museum of Greater Lafayette

The international artist Kaethe Kollwitz is represented in the show by the unsettling charcoal drawing of a mother and child, accosted by a terrifying figure: Folge Tod.  The title is roughly translated as “Death Follows.” In the adjacent column by Lucille Morehouse, her observations of a November 1946 exhibition of the artist at Herron Art Museum, where she writes about the artist's life and influences. 

Kollwitz lost a son in the First World War, and her attention was turned to themes of poverty, degeneracy and suffering. Morehouse writes about works in the Herron show by the artist of a similar type to the collection's drawing, noting works called  Death Recognized as Friend and Death Seizes the Children,  

“The mother-and-child theme, handled in an entirely different way than the subject is usually pictured in church art, afforded the artist an opportunity for interpretation of deep feeling among (the) destitute and suffering.”

Many other works were included in the show, including canvases by  Brown County Art Colony artists Carl Graf and Will Vawter.  

Additional Irvington Artists, besides William Kaeser, included Frederick Polley, Clifton Wheeler  and Charles G. Yeager are also exhibited. Yeager's modernist landscape watercolor is very similar to, and perhaps from the same series as a work shown in the accompanying Morehouse column from February 4, 1940, called Lakes on Mountain Side. 

Finally, Indianapolis area artists such as Gordon Mess, Elmer Taflinger and  Florence Bartley Smithburn have pictures in the show. Bartley Smithburn's picture, Meal Preparation, is an exotic figurative landscape inspired by her world travels. Taflinger is represented by a stunningly vulnerable portrait of a female nude. The woman seems almost frightened, clutching a thin red cover in her hands at her lap, that drapes to the floor between her legs. 

Nakedness of Thought.

That Lucille Morehouse displayed a Taflinger nude in her home in a place of honor speaks perhaps to her recognition of the nakedness of thought she herself possessed and shared for all those years. The critic's stand, like the artists', in black and white, and all the colors. The courage of a bare statement for all the art world to see.

Mark Diekhoff, September 2025

The material used in this article is being used under the fair use provisions of copyright law. The content is being used for educational purposes only, and all rights to the original content are held by their respective copyright owners. We do not claim ownership of any copyrighted material used in this work.

Constance Coleman Richardson – Indiana's Edward Hopper?

Street Light (now called Streetlight), Constance Coleman Richardson, 1930
collection Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields

A  Painting with Staying Power.

During recent deep-dive research into the artistic life and times of Irvington's Dorothy Morlan, the painter I believe to be Indiana's first modernist painter, I came across another artist, also a modernist,  also from Irvington, a female as well, but from the next generation, and a mesmerizing painting by her hand. While in the book Skirting the Issue by Newton and Weiss, the most comprehensive source on Indiana's women artists, and learning about some artists associated with Morlan's career, namely Emma B. King, Lucy Taggart, Helene Hibben and Winifred Adams, I came across this uniquely captivating picture by Constance Coleman Richardson, Street Light. 

It was only later I recalled a conversation with Irvington landscape painter William B. Lawson, who some months or perhaps a year prior had mentioned an interesting painting he had enjoyed at the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields.  He spoke of the same painting, Street Light, which depicted a nocturnal street scene in northside Indianapolis.  

Edward Hopper's name comes up when Constance Coleman Richards is mentioned online.  They hang together in the Newfields collection in the American Painting  room. I was familiar with his work, but not hers. Street Light would be my starting place. 

She painted the early work in 1930, and it was appreciated immediately upon its initial exhibition in 1931 at the Indiana Artists exhibition at Herron. The picture remains perhaps the most celebrated canvas of the artist's long career. It was also to demonstrate Coleman Richardson's affinity toward a soothing, grounding light or environment, in particular focus in Street Light, that would anchor her figures to their place in the world, even if the place was dark or even if they were alone. It was a signature characteristic in many of her works throughout the 1930s and beyond.

Coleman's Early Life and Irvington.

Constance Coleman was born in 1905 in Berlin, Germany, to mother Juliet Brown Coleman and father Christopher B. Coleman.

Her mother, Juliet, was granddaughter to Jacob B. Julian, one of the founders of Irvington as a village on the eastern outskirts of Indianapolis in the 1870s. The town was named after Washington Irving, a favorite author of Mr. Julian. The initial residence he had built there, one of the first in the area, was a Second Empire gem at 29 S. Audubon. Unfortunately, the stately period piece was razed in the 1950s to make way for an apartment building.   

Her father, Christoper B. Coleman, was educated at Yale, the University of Chicago and Columbia, earning degrees from all three including a PhD in history. He was employed in the history department and then as a vice president at Butler University from 1900 through 1919, when the college was still in Irvington. During that time, Mr. Coleman furthered his education with studies in Germany, at which time Constance, his first child, was born. The family would return to Irvington in 1906 where they would remain until 1920 at which time Mr. Coleman took a job heading the history and political science department at Allegheny College, presumably in Pennsylvania.

Constance Coleman would be educated at the Laurel School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, around the time of her fathers stint at Allegheny, and then at Vassar College in New York and finally at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Art. While she was at Vassar, her father and family had returned to Indiana when he accepted the first of several positions with the State of Indiana from 1924 through 1942; director of the State Historical Bureau, secretary of the Indiana Historical Society, and director of the Indiana State Library. 

Mr. Coleman would publish several books and give many public lectures over the years demonstrating a wide-ranging interest in local, national and world history. Subjects included archaeology of Indian mounds, the history of Sunday School in the United States and the 'spurious,' his description, Constantine the Great. 

Miss Constance Coleman would be noted in the society pages of the Indianapolis papers often during the time of her education, artistic debut and marriage in the early 1930s.  Indeed, in 1925, an AP wire story reported that while at Vassar, Coleman was among twenty-four beautiful sophomores taking part in an annual commencement day ritual at the college. She, and the other girls, would bear a 300-foot daisy chain of woven flowers and mountain laurel in a decorative procession to escort graduates on their special day.

By 1930, with school behind her, she would have her first major exhibit, in Philadelphia, and create her first major painting, Street Light.

A Transformative and Festive Period (Despite the Market Crash).

Constance Coleman began a remarkable period of personal and artistic change just months after the great stock market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression.  The times were anything but depressing for Miss Coleman though, if you read her news clippings from 1930, the year the artist and her art debuted to the wider world.  Her personal life was filled with festivities and travel, and as her courtship deepened with a young art historian from Detroit, Michigan, Edgar Richardson, who she had met while she studied in Philadelphia.

The January 31, 1930, Indianapolis News reported that Miss Coleman had two paintings accepted for display at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art. The pictures included were Crescendo and The Bridge Party. The next day, The Indianapolis Times ran a similar news item that provided the detail of Miss Coleman's current studio at the D.A.R. chapter house (Daughters of the American Revolution) at 824 N. Meridian in Indianapolis, and mentioned the submitted work The Bridge Party had been on display at the prior Indiana Artists show at Herron Art Institute. It also described the other picture, Crescendo, as depicting gladiolas in the various states of unfolding.

Miss Coleman attended a lavish costume ball on the rooftop garden of the Hotel Severin in downtown  Indianapolis on March 29th. The annual event was sponsored by the Indiana Artists Club and required fancy dress, and had décor designed by artist Elmer Taflinger with an Asian theme that year. Two art students, Miss Margaret Cornell and Miss Katheryn Peden, were photographed in their opulent outfits for a preview of the event on the society page of The Indianapolis News on March 15, in a demonstration of glamorous extravagance, despite any economic slowdown or tough times. 

Over the summer, Miss Coleman spent a few weeks at Rock Point on Vermont's Lake Champlain  according to an August 7, Indianapolis News society notice. 

Both Miss Coleman and her future husband Mr. Richardson attended a dinner party to honor Spanish artist, Jose Drudis-Biada, who was traveling from an exhibition of his paintings in Chicago to Los Angeles for another exhibit. The dinner with sizable guest-list was held in the Green Room at the Spink Arms Hotel also in Indianapolis. 

Constance Coleman (at the time) with Street Light (1930)
at Indiana Artists Exhibit at Herron, 1931  (source Indpls Star)

A Street Light is Born.

In the last weeks of February and the entire month of March 1931, the 24th Annual Indiana Artists exhibit at Herron Institute of Art was widely covered in the Indianapolis and regional papers. 

On March 1, The Richmond Item reported that honorable mention artworks in the Indiana Artists included an oil painting by Constance Coleman, Street Light.

A description of both of Coleman's pictures is included in an Indianapolis News review of the show on March 7. The unnamed writer discusses the improvement of certain artists from prior years' exhibits, notable Coleman, as follows, 

“Her work, from the promising impressionistic bits which she first exhibited, has grown to strikingly beautiful and inimitable tenancies. Her Street Light, to which was given honorable mention, is a cool green composition, with smoothly blended flat surfaces and amazing highlights. Lone Man, her second example, is an arresting study in pastel shaded surfaces, in which she has allowed the sweep of a reservoir curve and the blue expanse of a sky suffice for the detail which she might have been justified in inserting.”

The next day, on March 8, in her 'In the World of Art' column in The Star, Lucille Morehouse discusses both works by Coleman in great detail. Her observations are particularly thoughtful, and will be quoted at length as follows,

“I like exceedingly the two paintings by Constance Coleman. Since anything and everything that is a little bit out of the ordinary is called modernistic these days, the same mantle-like term that covers both sins and virtues would doubtless be applied to these two examples of excellent work. If every modernist were only as individual in his style and also had something to say that merited the saying as much as does the thought back of Miss Coleman's work, then we should all welcome the moderns with open arms.”

Morehouse continues by detailing the pictures,

“Both of the paintings...seem to be merely a fresh new way to present realism, the one a park scene after night entitled Street Light, the other a partial view of a great reservoir. (Regarding the latter, Lone Man, she adds) On one side the gray cement of the storage basin slopes downward, on the other side is the downward slope of the grass terrace, yellow green as if in early springtime.   At the dividing line between cement and grass slope stands a lone man – a circumstance which furnishes the picture's title.” 

And further about Lone Man and its technique, 

“In the background curls of smoke rise from factory stacks. The paint is applied smoothly and there is particularly fine balance of lights and darks.”

On March 22, in the Star Magazine supplement to the Sunday paper in Indianapolis, included a pictorial spread of select artists with their artworks at the exhibit and Constance Coleman and Street Light are shown.

On March 29, in a follow up article in The Star by Lucille Morehouse about other works in the 24th Indiana Artists besides the prize winners, a photograph of Street Light by Coleman is presented as an aside, under the caption, “Tonal Effects are Distinctive.”

The news regarding Constance Coleman and her Street Light and Lone Man had not yet run its course.  On March 31, 1931, The Indianapolis News reported that the Indiana Artists exhibit, just closed, was the second most popular exhibit recorded at Herron, behind only a St. Gaudens one-man sculpture show from many years prior. Total attendance was 8,686. And that year a popular picture prize was awarded to the work that accumulated the most votes from the attending public. Constance Coleman's Street Light was the fan favorite, receiving 136 of the total 690 votes cast. And her Lone Man took fifth place, as well. Homer Davisson's In Blossom Time earned second place with 40 votes. 

The Fine Balance of Light, Life and Love.

For Constance Coleman, the remainder of 1931, at least as reported in the newspapers, would revolve around her engagement and marriage to Edgar Preston Richardson of Detroit. An August 26, 1931, Indianapolis Times article announces the couple's wedding date as September 15. It mentions that Mr. Richardson had attended Williams College and was then employed as a director at the Historical Bureau of Indiana, where Coleman's father was employed. By the eve of the wedding, on September 14, The Indianapolis News reported that Mr. Richardson was now relocated and employed as assistant curator at the Institute of Arts at Detroit.

Different wedding photos of the bride, Constance Coleman Richardson, graced the pages of all three Indianapolis newspapers on or about the date of her wedding.  Her pretty and younger sister Martha Julian Coleman was to be bridesmaid, and her only attendant. Palms and ferns would decorate the church and the colors for the Coleman girls would be peach and ivory. A complete detail of Coleman's post-wedding outfit, her dress for travel to her honeymoon, was covered in the wedding day Indianapolis Times article on September 15, 1931; “a bright green silk suit trimmed in brown buttons, a brown felt Eugenie hat, with small coque feather at the side, and brown accessories.” 

The elaborate coverage of her wedding details in the papers attests to the place in society for Miss Coleman by the time of her wedding due to her mother's lineage, her father's position in academia and with the State of Indiana and her growing reputation as an artist.

By January 16, 1932, The Indianapolis News reports that, having relocated to Michigan with her husband after their marriage, Constance Coleman Richardson had become allied with a group of Detroit artists and had already exhibited paintings in a Michigan artists exhibition held at the Detroit Institute of Arts that month. The News quotes an art writer for the Detroit News who said of her pictures in the show, 

“Among the new names this year...(is) Constance Coleman Richardson, who makes a startling pattern, approaching an abstraction with chair backs and a table with several objects upon it, intensified by the use of a strong light. Even more impressive is the precision with which she makes a striking pattern of gladiola stalks, and the daring elimination in her (picture of a)...lone man on a dreary stretch of beach, all three entries expressing that individuality of viewpoint and approach which separates the distinguished from the mediocre.”

By March 7, 1932, Mrs. Coleman Richardson would present new work in Indiana when she exhibited the canvas, Woodruff Place, at the 25th Indiana Artists show at Herron.  The success of the work would be covered by all three major Indianapolis papers, repeated the notoriety of Street Light, if not that picture's eventual importance. Woodruff Place was called outstanding by The Indianapolis Times in their March 12, 1932 review of the show. On the same day, The Indianapolis News, in a review headlined “In General Modern” (quoting Wilbur D. Peat about the show at his Herron gallery), chose Coleman Richardson's Woodruff Place as the photo representative of the exhibition in the paper. 

source - The Indianapolis News

About that picture and another work by the artist, the writer signed only as M.B. says,

“It is a study in those quiet grays and drab tones so common in any street scene, and so rarely duplicated in painting. Mrs. Richardson's other entry called Wind is a highly colored, spirited picture of a flag at the top of a building mast – fluted out firmly by a strong – practically a visible – gust of air.”

Later in the spring, the exhibition in part travels to other destinations around the state. The May 8, Muncie Sunday Star covers Coleman Richardson as follows,

“One of the most unusual pictures is Wind...It pictures a large flag billowing in the wind from the top of a high pole against a background of bright blue sky in which are white, billowy clouds. The glimpse of the top of the building adds to the effect of height, while the clouds and the flag add motion. The bright colors of this picture are attractive and pleasing.”

Work from this show, including by Mrs. Coleman Richardson would also travel to Baltimore, Maryland to be exhibited for a first of its kind show of Indiana art at a Montgomery Wards department store in the city, as reported by Lucille Morehouse in The Indianapolis Star on July 24.

The next season, Coleman Richardson again creates a show stopper with light effects for the 26th Indiana Artists exhibit at Herron in Indianapolis.  Lucille Morehouse said the work Storm in the Notch possessed “dramatic quality” in her March 19th column.  In a human interest column in The Indianapolis News called “Hoosier Homespun” under a sub heading 'The Art Crowd', the writer comments on the same painting writing, “Provoking most comment among artists was Constance Coleman Richardson's spectacular little Storm in the Notch...”

The painting was detailed in an earlier review in The News, dated March 6, 1933, 

“ Perhaps the most spectacular – certainly the most arresting – piece in the entire group of seventy-nine oils is Constance Coleman Richardson's little Storm in the Notch. Though the statement is meant in the most complementary sense possible, Mrs. Richardson has a sense of showmanship that scenic designers would do well to study. There is a radiance almost phosphorescent in the splash of electric white showing above the hill. One takes it apart – it is only a composition in nicely tones grays. But as a whole it is positively stirring in its effect!” 

Existentialism with a Heart.

Other paintings by the artist can be examined to study Coleman's Richardson's continuing fascination with the balance of light and dark, one's place in the universe and the natural power of scene.

Particularly of note are Fourth of July (1944) in the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Art collection and Hot Sun (1947), in the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields collection. 

Her work has been compared to that of Edward Hopper.  He was creating his first sensations, including House by the Railroad and Nighthawks at about the same time Coleman Richardson created Street Light and Hot Sun. There is a startling quiet to them both, a whispering quality that they would each continue to explore in their own way.   

But it's not really the stark plight of Hopper that Coleman painted with her solitary figures, her dark and bright scenes, her encapsulations of natural might and scale. But rather, as Lucille Morehouse suggested, a realism, an existential realism I would argue, of the essential human nature of individual being, a being mixed with the solace of an other;  a nature, a person, a light. 

Coleman portrays a grounding comfort of earth beneath one's feet, the sun's warmth, even if amid nearby shade or overwhelming firmament. Again, as Morehouse said, the “particularly fine balance of lights and darks.”

Additionally, to contrast Coleman Richardson with her contemporary Edward Hopper,  his nocturnal set pieces are often theatrical, with the staginess of mannequins placed in storefront windows, the promise they offer comes at a heavy price. His florescent baths of interrogative, sterile night light or his pagan days of sun-worshiping subjects exposing an alienated anxiousness, almost painful to witness. 

Coleman Richardson's lone figures are not lonely or alone. They often bask in a halo of light, that can be experienced as a climber feels a mountain, both grounded and challenged, firm rock underfoot and wide open above.  The opposite of claustrophobic.  A bit unnerving, yes “stirring” –  that “fine balance” of light and dark.

Mark Diekhoff, September 2025

The material used in this article is being used under the fair use provisions of copyright law. The content is being used for educational purposes only, and all rights to the original content are held by their respective copyright owners. We do not claim ownership of any copyrighted material used in this work.

The Art Museums of Brown County, Indiana

Brown County Landscape, T. C. Steele, 1922
Brown County Art Gallery Collection

This time of year, as the first substantial changes in the weather in months are felt, one's mind is drawn to arrival of the wonderful change in colors brought upon by the Indiana autumn. And thinking of such colors, one remembers Brown County and the State's most spectacular showing, arriving again just around the corner, in mid-October.

This came to mind for me, yesterday, when I got in the car for the leisurely drive one hour to the south, having an itch to wander Nashville and Brown County, and its area art museums, in the calm days before the coming rush.

Brown County Discovered.

First up, was the Brown County Art Gallery. Founded in 1926 by members of the fledgling art colony that began a quarter century before when Adolf Schultz of Chicago first visited the area in 1900 and discovered the artistic beauty of the region. He would return and ultimately settle in Brown County.

Renowned Hoosier Group painter, T. C. Steele, would explore the region about 1905 and eventually relocate to a property and build a house that became known as the House of the Singing Winds near Belmont, Indiana, southwest of Nashville, 1907. Although his work popularized the region for artists, the semi-seclusion, and expanse of his picturesque hilltop property insulated him from what would later develop into and be called the Brown County Arts Colony. His development in the region, therefore, was almost entirely separate from any goings-on up the road in the ensuing years.

The next arriving resident artists, included Marie Goth and her sister Genevieve (who was a school teacher at the time but would become a still-life painter) and Italian landscape painter Varaldo J. (V. J.) Cariani, who would be Marie Goth's lifetime artistic and romantic partner, although they would never marry, who would all settle in Nashville, Indiana, just north of town, in 1925. Goth and her sister would build a new cabin residence on a property they bought, and Cariani would build his own cabin next door. Genevieve would marry Indiana painter Carl C. Graf who had met Marie Goth and V. J. Cariani at the Art Students League in New York City in days before World War I, and had also become familiar with the Brown County by this time.

By the date of its 1926 inception, the Brown County Art Gallery had fourteen artists members, including all mentioned above, with Carl Graf as its first president.

Now Showing at Brown County Art Gallery.

The current shows at the gallery's 15,000 square foot facility on Main Street in Nashville (expanded last in 2015) is a contemporary photography show, as show of vintage photographs by Frank Hohenberger and Otto Ping, permanent exhibits of work by Gustav Baumann and Glenn Cooper Henshaw, work by Nancy Noel in a room and both historic works from the gallery's permanent collection and current artworks by professional artists of Indiana.

Standouts include the Hohenberger photographs, reproduced in large size that permits viewing from a distance, as recommended by the artist in notes accompany the exhibit. Hohenberger's work can be a bit haunting. Many are images of the region's people, frozen as individual souls, in their own state of mind, their own unique costume, their own pinpoint of stare. It's a crystalline world of black shadows and eyes, dusty gray roads and bright white skies.

The permanent collection room contains several beautiful pictures. One is Stream and Landscape by John William (Will) Vawter, in which the artist, in the controlled chaos of his innervated brushwork, uses but a few colors – yellow, blue, white and gray, and a minimum of green – to transform the overwhelming green scene before his easel, the verdant overdose of Indiana spring or summer, into his artistic scene of a lively, fertile ideal, but made up, primarily, of colors other than green, with that impressionist trick to fool the eyes with a vibration of mixing colors.

Stream and Landscape, Will Vawter
Brown County Art Gallery Collection

In Will Vawter's picture, in a subtle reveal as if to say 'the mirror never lies,' the greenest true green in the painting is saved for the reflection on the stream's waters at the foreground – a reflection of the shadowed greens of the adjacent foliage.

The original Brown County Art Gallery was at a different location in downtown Nashville than that of today, and had a destructive fire to their building in 1954. Squabbles, irreconcilable, among the artist members about how to rebuild, led to a schism that would create a fractured Brown County art community, and lead to the separate Brown County Art Guild with an opening exhibition in 1955.


Mythologies and Skies of Carl Graf.

After the break-up of the original group, it was primarily the two power couples – Marie Goth and V.J. Cariana and Carl Graf and his wife, Genevieve Goth Graf, who started the new Art Guild. Portraits of them all by Marie Goth loom over the entry room of the Guild in its Van Buren Street location in downtown Nashville. It is primarily the work of these four artists that makes up the rotating displays from its permanent collection.

Self Portrait, Carl Graf
Brown County Art Guild Collection

Currently on display are artworks of professional Indiana artists who are members of the Guild, as well as a themed exhibit of works by current Guild members and from the permanent collection called Changing Seasons.

Interspersed among the Changing Seasons are a few canvases by Carl Graf, from small to huge, depicting mythological female figures, alone or in groups, posed like sensuous statues, draped in gauzy white, in the setting of enchanting and unworldly forest glades. A fixation of the artist, as displayed in the works, is of unbridled flight of fancy – an imaginative expanse beyond the visual realm.

This aspiration to a godly other-world, or at least a super-sky, can be gathered in viewing two of the Graf's Seasons pictures depicting spring or summer views of a similar crested hill beneath magnificent cloud-filled skies. The summer view is devoid of people or animals, just the lush green weeds and white prairie flowers of the scene's unfolding meadow – a slight hilled curve bending toward the sky. And filling the sky, which takes up nearly all of the canvas, billowing towers of fair weather clouds that seem roiling even in the stillness of Graf's painted image. A few worn patches of tan Indiana clay are at the picture's foreground, and a beat-down split-rail fence spiders back at a diagonal into the distance to add a subtle frame to the overwhelming sky.

Spring Planting, Carl Graf
Brown County Art Guild Collection 

And in the picture Spring Planting, Graf has painted a similar landscape scene of huge sky and crested field. This time, the Indiana tan soil more exposed as a figure plows toward the viewer, behind two work horses, as two other fieldhands bend or crouch at the soil in other tasks. Again, the sky and clouds are most everything in the rural world of the painting, and hint at a desire for flight – the freedom of clouds – away from a life so tugged down to earth by the relatively minuscule beasts of burden and their hard work, especially in planting season.

There are more Changing Seasons by Graf, more grounded, with fall colors in Glowing Autumn or winter creeks as in Brown Valley in the Snow.

Not to missed in this gallery are a couple of very beautiful, small, outdoor studies by Marie Goth, an artists most known for her portraits. These, like many of the works of the four founding members are small and unframed, and revealed as quick studies on board, as opposed to large finished and framed canvases. The numerous works in the informal state suggest an the abundant wealth of pictures in the permanent collection, accumulated from the donated estates of the artists as they passed away.


A Monument to Creation – T. C. Steele Home and Property.

T. C. Steele Residence, T. C. Steele
postcard image from Indiana State Museum Collection

One must visit the T. C. Steele State Historical Site on a regular basis. Located near Belmont, Indiana, a few miles southwest of Nashville, the facility includes the artist's historic home with its actual furnishings, his large gallery/studio building, a visitor's center, his wife Selma's formal garden, scenic grounds and hiking trails. The donated collection of the artist's paintings that are in the Indiana State Museum collection number in the several hundreds, and are rotated at least annually so that the works on view often contain new examples.

The majority of his work is in the large 'gallery' building. Work from his earliest student days through to the unfinished canvases, he was working, at the time of his death.

An amazing still life with watermelon was the oldest piece showing, and was completed while young Theodore Clement Steele was yet a college-age student. It has the precision and gravitas of a Dutch master painting, accurate entirely in its faithful color and accurate line of drawing. There is nothing juvenile or or amateurish about the picture, rather, even its conception shows a genius of mind, and hints at the singularly greatness of Steele. The watermelon, split in half, contains a core that projects in a conical spur toward the viewer. It's strangely beautiful, in an interesting way. Steele's recognition of the uniquely natural, marvelous and accidental, is somewhat jarring in the picture. The transfixing spectacle of color and form, in something as simple as a watermelon pulled apart, bodes well for his lifetime as an artist to follow.

His visions are captured along the walls of the great room, in chronological order, that follows his pre-impressionist times in Germany, to his Munich days, in which French painting was revealed to him, and his brush strokes became looser as a result. By the time of his return to Indiana, and his days in the area of Brookville and the Whitewater River, he was creating works as free and colorful as Monet, as can be seen in a joyfully-colored sunscape of the Jennings County courthouse from a distant view over fields. The feel of the painting is happy and blue as the sky, fluffy and sun-dazzled as a cloud.

In this period, his impressionism was French, where color ran wild and served only to capture the fleeting moment of the overall sensation – of all the senses of the artist – and feelings of the mind as well, of a creative spirit enraptured in a scene. 

It was later, in a slow and slight evolution, particularly by the the time of the Brown County years, that Steele's impressionism came to realize that the dazzling actual color of the environs of the Singing Winds house were colorful impression enough for any painter to work with. So his loose daubs of pigment remained more loyal to the natural hues of Brown County – its oranges and yellows, reds and browns – the simple blue and green of summer – and less reliant of the trick of color mixing in the eye, as in the first French experiments.

In the midst of his lifework on the walls all around, one wonders how an artist from small town Indiana was able to produce so much and acquire so much by the end of his life. The museum guide could explain the talent of such a person for hard work and never ending practice. The ability to trade the portraits of five governors for the building within which you stand.

The historic site is a monument to creation. Relaxing in a quiet serenity on a front porch of Hoosier perfection, the only sound is leaves rustling. Just fields and sky and singing winds – and between such breezes – a noble hush – a life – Theo's tree has fallen in the storm – a memory of ashes – a soul full of nature surrounds.

Mark Diekhoff, September 2025

William F. Kaeser – His Many Art Exhibitions in 1935

Near Irvington, William F. Kaeser, 1934  
source The Edge of Town  - Painting the Indiana Scene 1932-1948, Indianapolis Art League, 1989

Every Show, Everywhere, All at Once.

One cannot really imagine  a busier year for a young and unknown artist than that of 1935 for William F. Kaeser (pr. KAY-zer). The sheer continuity and multitude of his exhibitions that year is a testament to the hard work, talent, and enthusiasm of his eager youth. Kaeser was an immigrant, from post hyper-inflation,Weimar Germany, who, over the three years previous to 1935, had earned degrees from Herron Art School and Indiana University, and founded, through New Deal works projects funding, the Indianapolis Art Students League and became its founding instructor.

His first exhibition in 1935 was the 28th Annual Indiana Artists show at Herron Art Institute. One of two jurors that year was none other than Grant Wood of Iowa, the sensational new 'regionalist' painter whose American Gothic brought him nationwide fame in 1930.

According to Lucille Morehouse's In the World of Art column in The Indianapolis Star on March 17, 1935, William Kaeser's contribution to the show was a picture called Hawthorne Yards. She categorized the Kaeser work as among a group of  

“Pictures of buildings, either of industrial type that have interest in pattern and color, or of old houses of the 'shabby genteel,' Victorian type or those that are otherwise appropriate to the popular style of today.”  

Morehouse seems to be referring to the  'popular' style referred to variously as American Scene, Social Realism or Regionalist manner employed by Kaeser, and other local artists of late, or more importantly at the time, Grant Wood and Thomas Hart Benton, its leading and founding members.

The title of Kaeser's work, Hawthorne Yards, the first picture of his career to receive critical comment, must refer to the railroad interchange yards bounded by English Avenue to the north, Ritter Avenue to the east, Prospect Avenue to the south and Sherman Drive to the West on the east side of Indianapolis. The area remains to this day as the CSX Hawthorne Yard, and was, then and now, in close proximity to Kaeser's Irvington neighborhood home. 

A Many Splendored Rubber Plant.

A scant week or so later, William Kaeser had a one-man show at Lieber Gallery in Indianapolis that was covered by the competing art critics for The Indianapolis Star and The Indianapolis Times.  On March 15, in the Notes on Canvas in the Art World column, John W. Thompson of The Times, commented on the novelty and talent of a new artist on the scene, William Kaeser, 

“Every so often a young artist pops up from seemingly nowhere and shows promise of doing something just a little bit different from the way 'it's being done.' Just such an artist is William F. Kaeser , who will open a two-week show at H. Lieber galleries Monday...(He) did not make his pastel drawings of Irvington scenes. He went out along White River where people live in most anything they can throw together.

His pastel work is new. It has a new color aspect, a new feeling and a new depth. 

His Matisse-like backgrounds, his broad strokes of sunlight are unusually pleasing.”

Hooverville - Curtisville, William F. Kaeser, 1934
source - The Edge of Town, Indianapolis Art League, 1989

It's not all rainbows and unicorns for Thompson, though, when he offers mild criticism of Kaeser's composition choices, at times, and figures,

“He has a tendency to crowd a bit too much into one drawing...(and) Although Mr. Kaeser has one or two figures in his show, he had better stick to other types of drawing. He hasn't nearly the mastery of body composition and graceful lines in his figure drawings as are beautifully evident in the others.”

The writer's main praise is directed at Kaeser's still lifes, when he writes,

"...his Corn Plant, and his Rubber Plant are two of the loveliest still lifes seen lately.”

Rubber Plant, William F. Kaeser, 1935
source The Irvington Group - 1928 - 1937, Irvington Historical Society, 1984

For her part, Lucille Morehouse comments about Kaeser's sixteen large pastels, and two watercolors showing at Lieber in her March 24 Star column. Of the work, she says,

“Suburban views, river front scenes, shacks in the slums districts and some very carefully-thought-out flower and still life subjects, together with a lively portrait of a farm girl and a study of the nude have been painted with a careful consideration of design and as artistic a regard for color harmony and contrast.”

Morehouse lists some of the artworks displayed as: At the Edge of Town, House on the Hill, Along the Canal, Suburban Church, Loafing in the Shade, Red School House, Corn Plant, Rubber Plant and Narcissus.  

She also mentions Kaeser and his wife will drive to New Orleans for a summer sketching holiday (the resulting artworks of which will figure into Kaeser's busy exhibition schedule later in the year, as we shall see).

During the following months, selections from the 38th Indiana Artists Exhibit, including Kaeser's Hawthorne Yards, would be traveling to Richmond and then Muncie. In April, the first stop was presented by the Richmond Art Association at the city's Morton High School. Then on May 9, The Muncie Morning Star announced that the show would be presented at the art galleries of Ball State College. The Muncie newspaper column reported that some of the paintings in the show were criticized by the exhibit's co-juror, Grant Wood, as being “exponents of localism” as opposed to the 'regionalism' he championed by his own practice.

A May 10, Indianapolis News article announces the concurrent showing of William Kaeser's work in a one-man exhibit in the Hoosier gallery at John Herron Art Institute and as part of the 42nd Annual American Art Exhibition at the Cincinnati Art Museum. 

The Herron solo show is described in two Indianapolis Times articles. The first on May 17, describes the showstopper, at least to the reviewer John Thompson's eyes,

“Mr. Kaeser, whose greatest talent is the application of color, has one outstanding piece, Rubber Plant, a lovely still life depicting the rubber plant, potted, standing on a table on which there are several fruits and a drinking mug. The strong colors, the perspective, the naturalness of the placing of the objects used, these make the picture more than just another still life.”

The second Times coverage appears on May 24, in which a photograph of the pastel The Gravel Pit is shown. In the short accompanying blurb, the artwork of Kaeser in the Herron show is described,

 “Daring and striking use of color is the high point of pastels by William Kaeser now on view at Herron Art Museum. This one, The Gravel Pit, contains the broad strokes, the patches of bright color, and the strength of good drawing necessary for a successful pastel.” 

The Gravel Pit, William F. Kaeser, 1935
source - The Indianapolis Times

The Indianapolis Star reports that a large oil still life, unnamed and not described, is the picture by Kaeser included in the American Art Exhibit in Cincinnati. It mentions other artists chosen for the exhibit, including Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood, Edward Hopper and Wayman Adams.

Three articles in The Indianapolis News and The Indianapolis Star, from August 29 through September 3, cover the award winners and entries in the arts competition in various categories at the Indiana State Fair that year. William Kaeser was to win the still life oil painting category with his, by now somewhat locally famous, Rubber Plant. He is a winner as well, in the pastel category, but it is unknown whether it is for one of his pictures of the Louisiana coast (from his summer holiday, presumably) or his shacks – both of  which were included in the show, according to Lucille Morehouse, in her September 3 column.

William Kaeser was a participating artist in the novel public art event the first two weeks of October, in downtown Indianapolis, in celebration of National Arts Week. A large section of Pennsylvania Street, between Washington Street to the south and 16th Street to the north was set up as an outdoor strolling gallery with the street window exhibition of work by Indiana artists. 

Once Upon A Time in New Orleans.

Often a great storyteller, Indianapolis' great art critic, Lucille Morehouse, covered William Kaeser's solo show of New Orleans vacation work that appeared at Lyman's Fireplace Gallery for two weeks in mid-October, 1935. Her wonderful narrative begins,

“Watermelon boats on Lake Pontchartrain and river steamers on the Mississippi were transferred to paper in short order, with all their interest of colorful setting and picturesque groups of workmen, as soon as the young Indianapolis artist, William F. Kaeser, unpacked his painter's kit and got to work with his pastels, early last June, at the end of a journey to New Orleans for two week's painting vacation.”  

Morehouse continues to weave a playful yarn about the long drive of Mr. and Mrs. Kaeser from Indianapolis to the Crescent City as an introduction to the Lyman show in her thorough October 13 art column. 

The exhibition contained fourteen pastels from the recent New Orleans series, with the addition of one large local scene, Old Power Plant, Kentucky Avenue and West Street, that was completed over the summer after the artist's return from Louisiana.

As way of recent background, Morehouse writes of Kaeser,

 “In was in his pictures of tumble-down shacks in the outskirts of Indianapolis, as well as the vigorously painted still-life compositions...within the past year or two...that his individualism in work with color and design asserted itself and gave promise for future accomplishment.”  

Morehouse then provides her observations about various of the individual works in the show. She begins with a pastel that is reproduced in black and white in the paper, Fisherman's Paradise. It shows a ramshackle fisherman's cottage built upon stilts, amid the zigzag of wooden boardwalks, all necessary due to the marshy conditions of coastal region a few miles north of New Orleans. Menacing conical clouds hover on high, and thrust toward the viewer, as they did the artist as he raced to finish his picture before the approaching storm.

Fisherman's Paradise, William F. Kaeser, 1935
source - The Indianapolis Star

Mississippi Levee: On Road to Baton Rouge (now revealed as) a recent first-place winner in the pastel misc. category at the Indiana State Fair. Set in bayou country, the picture showed a curving 20 foot levee and more distant houses of a nearby fishing village.

About Roof-Tops and St. Patrick's Tower, Morehouse writes, “(The work) was painted from the hotel window.” and looked out over a balcony and patio. Banana Conveyor, she writes, is an industrial composition “illustrating the industrial method of unloading the fruit that comes from the tropics.”

“Dock, harbor and boat” themes dominate the compositions, Morehouse writes.  Remaining works  in the show,  she lists in part as; Melon Boat with Side-Boards, Dredge and Train Ferry on Mississippi, The El-Lago, Steamship Sixola,  Yachts - Lake Pontchartrain Harbor, Ferry Boat at Landing and Boats Near the Drawbridge. 

The month following the Lyman's show, an exhibit of Indiana artists was organized in honor of the 20th birthday of the Indiana Artists Club. The show was to include about 200 works by about 100 hundred artists and would shown in the eight-floor galleries of L. S. Ayers & Company in Indianapolis.

An Indianapolis Times review by John W. Thompson under the rather dubiously-intentioned headline 'Indiana Artists Club Exhibit Isn't Bore It Used To Be,' begins by bemoaning the predominance of the  Brown County style in recent prior shows, which he describes as “...beech trees...autumn landscapes swathed in sunlight, or a tumble down...shack with tinted trees in the background and a soft haze over all.”  The writer may have just been piling on, as a year before Grant Wood had dismissed much of Indiana's art as "local color." Nevertheless, Thompson, writes that since about that time, and perhaps as a result, “it's all different now.”

Kaeser's contribution to the show was Watermelon Boats, the best of the pastels, according to Thompson, who described Kaeser as “an Irvington artist whose work has become increasingly popular the last few years.”

Labor + Love = William Kaeser.

William Kaeser's final exhibit of 1935 took place in his home community in Irvington, at the 8th Irvington Artists Exhibition on the second floor of of Carr Hall on Washington Street. The show was covered by Lucille Morehouse in her art column of December 9, 1935 in The Indianapolis Star. 

Kaeser displayed five pieces which summed up his busy year. First, probably by popular demand, was Rubber Plant, for a final encore (at least that year). He also showed an oil landscape Farmers, and the New Orleans pieces Fisherman's Paradise, and presumably renamed Mississippi Levee and Mississippi Dredge.

The Irvington Artists show, the final show of 1935, had a keynote talk by director of the museum at John Herron Art Institute, Wilbur Peat. He talked about 'Forgotton Relationships,' and called for a closer union between “the beautiful in art and everyday objects of utility.”  It was a credo shared by artists such as the tireless and hard-working William Kaeser – with his great love of labor that year – he was able to document the toil and sweat of his fellow man, with his gravel pits, his power plants, his river dredges, his banana conveyor lines. 

His work was a homage to labor, a depression-era vision of the American scene, the social reality – whatever you want to call it. A self portrait, in a way, the vision of an artist for whom work was both an ultimate ideal and a way of life. 

Mark Diekhoff, September 2025 (Labor Day)

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